Fathers-to-be should stop smoking to shelter their unborn child from the risk of stillbirth or birth defects, scientists say.
University of Nottingham researchers found that with child women exposed to smoke at work or home greater than before their risk of stillbirth by 23% and of having a baby with defects by 13%.
They looked at 19 preceding studies from approximately the world.
A UK expert said it was "vital" women knew the risks of hand-me-down smoke.
The studies used to pull this research together were passed out in North America, South America, Asia and Europe.
All the studies paying attention on pregnant women who did not smoke themselves but were passive smokers due to their immediacy to a partner who smoked or work colleagues who smoked.
The combined data from the studies suggests that being exposed to more than 10 cigarettes a day is enough for the risks to be greater than before.
However, the University of Nottingham study did not find an increased risk of miscarriage or newborn death from second-hand smoke - only an amplified risk of still birth and birth defects.
The results did not point to a link with any specific hereditary birth defect.
Impact on sperm development
The researchers say fathers who smoke should be more aware of the danger they pose to their unborn child.
Previous research has shown that women who smoke during their pregnancy create serious health risks for their unborn baby, together with low birth weight, premature birth and a range of serious birth defects such as cleft palate, club foot and heart problems.
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